Audit Report

14. REFERENCES

Abrams R (1997), The mortality rate with ECT. Convulsive Therapy, 13(3):125-127

Angst J, Angst K, Baruffol I, Meinherz-Surbeck (1992), ECT-induced and drug induced hypomania. Convulsive Therapy. Vol 8 (3):179-185.

Brandon S, Cowley P, McDonald C et al (1984), Electroconvulsive therapy - results in depressive illness. Leicestershire Trial, BMJ, 288, 23-25.

Burke WI, Rubin EH, Zorumski CF, Wetzel RD (1987), The safety of ECT in geriatric psychiatry. Journal of American Geriatrics Society. 35(6):516-21.

Cheshire KE and Freeman CPL (1986), Attitude studies in electroconvulsive therapy. Convulsive Therapy, 2, (1), pp 31-42.

Coleman EA, Sackeim HA, Prudic J, Devanand DP, McElhiney MC, Moody BJ (1996), Subjective memory complaints before and after electroconvulsive therapy. Biological Psychiatry 39:346-356.

Duffet R and Lelliot P (1998), Auditing electroconvulsive therapy. The third cycle. Brit. J Psych., 172, 401-405.

Fink M (1979), Risk-benefit analysis. Convulsive therapy: theory and practice, chapter 5. Raven press.

Freeman CPL (1989), The practical administration of electroconvulsive therapy. ECT Sub-committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. London: Gaskell.

Freeman CPL (1995), The ECT Handbook: The Second Report of the Royal College of Psychiatrists Special Committee on ECT CR39, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London.

Freeman CPL (1997), Electroconvulsive Therapy. A good practice statement. CRAG Working Group on Mental Illness. The Scottish Office.

Freeman CPL, Basson J, Crighton A, (1978), A double-blind controlled trial of ECT and simulated ECT in depressive illness. Lancet, i, 738-740.

Freeman CPL, Weeks D, Kendell RE (1980), ECT: patients who complain. Brit. J Psych. 137: 17-25

Guze SB, Robins E (1970), Suicide and primary affective disorder. Brit J Psych. 117:437-448

Hotopf M, Hardy R, Lewis G (1997), Discontinuation rates of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants: a meta-analysis and investigation of heterogeneity. Brit J Psych. 170, 120-127.

Inskip H, Harris E, Barraclough B (1998), Lifetime risk of suicide for affective disorder, alcoholism and schizophrenia. Brit J Psych. 172, 35-37.

Johnstone EC, Deakin DF, Lawley P, et al (1980), The Northwick Park ECT Trial. Lancet ii, 1317-20.

King E (1999), Suicide in the mentally ill. An epidemiological sample and implications for clinicians, Brit J Psych. 165(5):658-63.

Lee D, Kenny M, Harrop-Griffiths W (1996), Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy. Anaesthesia, volume 51; 583-584.

Miller AR, Isenberg KE(1998), Reversible ischaemic neurological deficit after ECT. J ECT 14:42-48.

Montgomery SA and Asberg M, (1979), A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. B J Psych., 134, 382-9.

Murphy E, Smith R, Lindesay J, Slattery J (1988), Increased mortality rates in late-life depression. Brit. J Psych. 152.347-53, March.

Peet M (1994), Induction of mania with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. Brit J Psych. 164, 549-550, April.

Pippard J and Ellam L (1981), Electroconvulsive therapy in Great Britain 1980. B J Psych., 139, 563-568.

Pippard J (1992), Audit of electroconvulsive therapy in two National Health Service Regions. B J Psych., 160, 621-637.

Philibert RA, Richards L, Lynch CF, Winokur G (1995), Effect of ECT on mortality and clinical outcome in geriatric unipolar depression. J Clin Psychiatry 56:390-4.

Prudic J, Sackeim HA (1999), Electroconvulsive therapy and suicide risk. Journal of clinical Psychiatry, 60 suppl 2:104-10.

Reid W, Keller S, Leatherman MD, Mason M (1998), ECT in Texas: 19 months of mandatory reporting. J Clin Psychiatry 59:1, January.

Robertson C (1985), M. Phil Thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Robertson C, Freeman CPL, Fergusson G, (1997) ECT in Scotland. Psychiatric Bulletin, 21, 699-702.

Royal College of Psychiatrists (1977) Memorandum on the use of electroconvulsive therapy. B J Psych., 131, 261-272.

Sackeim HA, Ross FR, Hopkins N, Calev L, Devanand DP (1987), Subjective side effects acutely following ECT: associations with treatment modality and clinical response. Convulsive therapy, 3:100-110.

Sackeim HA (1998), The use of electroconvulsive therapy in late life depression. Geriatric Pharmacology, third edition. Ed by Salzman C Baltimore. pp 262-309.

Scott AI, Riddle W (1989), Status epilepticus after electroconvulsive therapy. Brit. J Psych. 155:119-21 July.

Thorogood M, Crown P, Mann J, Murphy M, Vessey M (1992), Fatal myocardial infarction and use of psychotropic drugs in young women. Lancet; 340:1067-70

West E (19981), Electroconvulsive therapy in depression - A double blind controlled trial. BMJ, 282, 355-357.

Zielinski RJ, Roose SP, Devanand DP, Woodring S, Sackeim HA (1993), Cardiovascular problems in depressed patients with cardiac disease. American Journal of Psychiatry. 150(6):904-909.

Spacer Image